On May 22, 2011 , the American Red Cross responded to the Joplin tornado providing help and hope immediately following the disaster, offering a place to stay, meals, mental health and health support. Red Cross assisted more than 1,500 families following the event helping them immediate needs and assisting them in finding them in the recovery process by connecting them with local partner organizations and providing nearly 200,000 items for clean-up efforts. Nearly 900 Red Cross disaster workers supported the Joplin community.
As we reflect on the 10 year anniversary of this historic event, the American Red Cross of Missouri-Arkansas has collected a series of stories from those who represented the American Red Cross during that time, and who continue to serve the Red Cross mission today.
By Shoba Brown
American Red Cross volunteer David Meade did not hesitate when he got that call to deploy the morning after the EF-5 tornado had ravaged Joplin, Missouri.
He drove down to Joplin, checked in with Red Cross headquarters and as he succinctly puts it, “started to work, doing what needed to be done.”
With a city in shambles after the May 22, 2011 twister and people stunned and trying to get their bearings, David knew there was much to be done and no time to waste. He was ready to do any and every job asked of him.
Armed with a long career in law enforcement, and some two decades of Red Cross experience beginning with the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center, David Meade was well equipped to handle the rigorous demands of the immediate recovery efforts.
“Thirty-five years in law enforcement helped,” he said. “I tried to do the best with what I had. Any time you have the very first part of a disaster, the first thing you do is to secure the clients in safe housing and tend to their needs.”
David and his team of volunteers did it all from unloading trucks, serving food, managing traffic in shelter parking lots to working in the shelters.
“Most of the people that I worked with were seasoned responders who were well aware of what disasters are. There is nothing you can do to prevent that disaster except pick up the pieces.”
Although deeply saddened by the decimation and loss of life, David’s training allowed him to take the long, 14-hour days in stride, hold his emotions at bay and save his strength for those who needed it.
When asked about the memories of his time working in Joplin, David recalled, “It was very sad and disheartening to see the disaster area, specially the hospital.”
He said he tries not to bring “work” home and there are memories he would prefer not to dredge up but, “We don’t forget some of those disaster. We do what we have to do.”
“When you get to that disaster, you’re so busy you don’t have time to stop and think about things. You do the job that needs to be done at that particular moment, then you can sit back and reflect on what transpired. And I knew what transpired. I knew that people were killed and injured, and the job at hand the entire time I was down there was getting aid and comfort to the clients, and making sure that they were taken care of first.”
David is a humanitarian who knows disasters and continues to give of himself in the service of those in need.
By Carl Manning
The devastation was everywhere and there was no rhyme or reason. One side of a street obliterated and the other side untouched. People stood in the morning sun to survey what once had been their neighborhood, their home, their way of life.
As a journalist, I had seen my share of disasters brought about by nature and humankind. But the massive tornado of May 22, 2011 that laid waste to sections of Joplin, Missouri was different.
In past disasters, my job was to observe what was there and write about it. Involvement was something to avoid. But this was different.
As a new Red Cross volunteer, I quickly realized that involvement not only was expected, it was the core of what we do to help survivors to recover and move on.
As part of the disaster assessment team, I was among the first to arrive while rescuers still were searching the debris that once were homes and removing victims from the trees.
But in this crossroads of shock and response were a few oasis of normalcy. The drive-up burger joint still in operation with a portable generator. A merchant on a street corner where his store once stood handing out what he had salvaged.
Later in the day, my DA partner and I came upon a Red Cross vehicle handing out food and decided it was a good time for a break. As we ate, another volunteer came up, grabbed a sandwich and we started talking.
Turned out he was a disaster mental health volunteer walking through the neighborhoods, talking to those he saw. We parted, going our separate ways with a smile and wave.
At our next stop a few minutes later, I saw a woman sitting in the front yard of what once was her home. As I approached her, I greeted her and in an almost offhand way asked how she was doing.
After a few seconds of silence, she responded that this had been her home all her life and she had lost her mother and her dog. Then she said with a tone of finality that she saw no reason to live.
At that point, my partner walked up and I told him briefly what she said. He told me to stay with her while he headed back to find the mental health counselor. The woman and I chatted, first about nothing important and then she started talking about her family.
Within minutes, the counselor arrived. I introduced him as a friend who would like to talk to her and with that we left with the two of them talking.
A day or two later, I ran into the counselor at Red Cross headquarters and asked about the woman. Without going into detail he simply said, “You probably saved her life.”
And from that I learned why we do what we do. You never know when the smallest act of kindness might make all the difference.
By Katie Karraker
On the evening of May 22, 2011, an EF-5 tornado struck the town of Joplin, MO, leaving homes and businesses in shambles. The storm was recorded as one of the deadliest tornadoes in modern U.S. history, tragically taking around 160 lives and leaving over one thousand injured.
American Red Cross volunteers quickly deployed to Joplin to offer support to the town and its people during their moment of need. Red Cross volunteers set out on a mission to help the community recover from the destruction of the tornado by providing them with essential resources such as meals, shelter, and emotional support while assisting first responders in their effort to rescue survivors.
One volunteer who worked with the Red Cross to bring the Joplin community back to their feet was David Sewell. Sewell’s role as a volunteer was to assist in providing technology resources to disaster responders; critical tools in executing a disaster response and answering the call for help.
“After about five different broken cell phone conversations, Chris Harmon (Emergency Services Director for the local chapter) gave me my reporting instructions, and the next morning, with the support of the American Red Cross National Disaster Services Technology Team, I was on my way to Joplin less than 12 hours after the multi-vortex tornado devastated much of Joplin.”
Sewell recalls his initial sight of the damage left by the tornado and the challenges of navigating in Joplin shortly after the storm in the wake of such destruction. “When I got to the outskirts of Joplin, if I had not had a GPS to use, I honestly would not have been able to navigate in Joplin,” he said. “Street signs and landmarks were nonexistent. In the disaster footprint area, the devastation was so bad that it looked as if the landscape had been scrubbed clean. It almost looked as if a huge blast had occurred, and the shockwave had wiped everything out.”
Sewell and his Disaster Services technology team not only provided technology to the community in response to the storm, but also educated first responders on how to use the different forms of technology to improve the efficiency of their rescue mission.
“We provided satellite internet, cell phones, printers, fax machines, satellite phones, and the expertise to deploy all these vital tools. My team helped the disaster responders learn how to use all of this technology in a way that enabled them to help out as quickly as possible,” Sewell said. Sewell was glad to have been able to facilitate the team of technology experts that provided responders with useful resources that helped them carry out their mission.
Ten years after the tornado, Sewell looks back on his experience, feeling proud to have served the community and to have played a role in helping the people of Joplin overcome the heartbreak of a disaster. He called it an “incredible privilege” to have been a part of the Red Cross team that opened their hearts to the residents of Joplin in their darkest day.
“I see those first hours of devastation and I see all of the incredible recovery that has taken place over the last ten years and I am proud of the resilience of Joplin and the part we played in it,” he notes. “Responding to future disasters won't be any easier but the payback is immeasurable. Disaster responders get far more back than they ever invest in helping others - that is why it is important to share our experiences with others to create a strong and enduring force for good.”
By David Strom
Sometimes the simplest ideas are also the most powerful. One of the great innovations that came out of the response to the Joplin, MO, tornado of 2011 was the first Multiple Agency Response Center (MARC). Since then, MARCs have become the gold standard for partner cooperative efforts.
Debi Meeds, (longtime American Red Cross volunteer profiled here), deserves much of the credit. While working a disaster back in 2008, she had noticed confusion. “People didn’t know where local resources were located, and our clients were spending a lot of time running around town to obtain assistance. The average client had to go to ten different places to obtain lost documents such as their driver’s license, family services, and things like food and clothing from various charities—and remember, folks didn’t have GPS phones back then.”
So instead of bringing people to the services, Meeds switched things and brought services to the people. Ultimately, the Joplin MARC had 48 different agencies and organizations at one location.
Widespread publicity helped establish the MARC idea. “We had lots of national press in Joplin, and it also helped that this was the first time FEMA co-located with one of our operations sites. They literally parked their bus filled with client services staff outside our MARC building. That helped demonstrate the model to national Red Cross staffers, too.”
Something unexpected was how the MARC helped children. “Kids had been traumatized by the tornado. Day care centers were destroyed, so parents seeking help brought their children with them. In the MARC we had a children’s area set aside staffed by a volunteer organization that had certified childcare trauma specialists. Children would come to the MARC clinging to their parents and hollow-eyed, unable to articulate the terror they felt. But eventually we would hear laughter and happy shouts from the children playing. It was one of the most gratifying things in the MARC, knowing we were helping these little ones forget their trauma for a while and get on the road to recovery.”
The MARC also created a new neighborhood ethos for clients displaced by the tornado. “Our MARC helped reconnect neighbors, and we saw many reunions with people who didn’t know what happened to their former neighbors. Seeing the expressions on these people when they found each other was wonderful.”
Debi couldn’t have known in 2011 just how successful the MARC concept would become, but she knew even then that she was on to something important. “I told my staff at the time it would become a nationwide model for how we deliver services, and many of them doubted me,” she recalls. “But It has given me a lot of joy to see the MARC concept take off.”
Debi has since retired from her work in non-profit, but still can be found making an impact through the American Red Cross. Only this time, she gives her time and talent as a volunteer.
By Laura Warfel
Tornadoes rearrange people’s lives. On May 22, 2011, a EF-5-rated, multiple-vortex tornado struck Joplin, Missouri, resulting in 161 fatalities and damage estimated at $3 billion.
Jenny Solomon was living an hour from Joplin in Republic, Missouri, that night. “I was at my apartment, watching the storm on my computer,” she recalls. “My friend in Joplin was in her basement with no computer. We were talking on the phone when the tornado passed over her house.”
The large, dark, billowing clouds soon made their way to Republic, but there were no tornadoes in her area that day. “And then after the devastation, the rainbows came,” Jenny says. “I found debris from Joplin in our yard.”
Jenny immediately began helping the tornado survivors at her job working for a national cell phone carrier. People began coming to her store for replacement phones because no phones were available in Joplin.
“They came in with broken arms and bandages,” she says. “And they kept telling us their survival stories. This was my first experience with a disaster.”
Hearing these stories moved Jenny to action. She was familiar with the American Red Cross because of the help its volunteers had given her during a fire in her apartment complex. When she saw how local and national agencies, churches and the Red Cross were working together, she began investigating how she could get involved helping the people in Joplin.
She remembers vividly a single mom and her family from Joplin. The roof of their home was terribly damaged by the tornado. The Red Cross helped them get the roof replaced. In the meantime, the mom had fallen behind on her mortgage payments, and the house was going into foreclosure.
“I presented her case, and why we needed to help her,” Jenny says. “We worked together with other agencies until we were able to make it possible for her to stay in her home.”
One year after the Joplin relief operation, Jenny was hired by the Red Cross as a Disaster Case Manager. “I’ve being doing this job since 2012,” she says. “I’m inspired every day by the compassion and how everyone works together to help find solutions for clients’ needs.”
Because of the Joplin tornado, Jenny discovered a new career path. “I will stay with the Red Cross in Disaster Cycle Services as long as I can,” she says. “Being a Red Crosser has shown me that I can have a good career and help people, too.”
“Helping survivors through difficult times is our job, but their lives are changed by what we do,” she adds. “If you have a heart for giving back to people at turning points in their lives, volunteer with the Red Cross.”
By Mark Maginn
One scene in every weather catastrophe always seems to symbolize nature’s astonishingly destructive power. For Dorinda Nicholson, an American Red Cross volunteer, that scene was a grotesquely mangled car hanging from a tree.
When she arrived in Joplin, Missouri, and drove past that tree ten years ago, she wondered, how much force would it take to wipe out entire blocks? Driving further, she stared in disbelief at houses and buildings that were shifted entirely off their foundations and blown into bits.
Pulling herself from the initial shock, Dorinda wondered, who could survive this, and how many must have died? And then came the big question: And what was she supposed to do—what could she do?
A veteran at responding to disasters as a Red Cross Disaster Mental Health volunteer, Dorinda knew immediately that she wouldn’t just be helping survivors cope with starting over. She would also be helping many of them deal with the demon of loss that had carried off loved ones and friends.
Intuitively, she realized that helping survivors coming to grips with impersonal 300 mph winds snuffing out lives would be an enormous challenge. But from experience, she also knew that just being available to traumatized survivors would be more than half the battle.
Rolling up her sleeves and getting to work, she took on whatever roles were needed immediately. Sometimes, it was just listening to the anguish of a survivor who lost not only their home, but also a family member. Just listening might seem like small relief, but the genuine presence of an empathic and caring volunteer can start the slow process of healing.
Pitching in wherever needed, Dorinda handed out trash bags and mops to those cleaning up the mess. She helped set up shelters, answered questions, and provided access to phones, and blankets and backpacks. Exemplifying the best of One Red Cross, she pitched in wherever needed, even if it wasn’t part of her line of service.
Sometimes, we overlook the silent personal challenges Red Cross volunteers carry, even as they serve others affected by disaster. As Dorinda held the hands of clients who lost love ones, her thoughts drifted back home to her husband struggling with challenging health issues. But like all Red Cross volunteers who serve while facing challenges of their own, she resolutely continued her mission, dedicated to alleviating the suffering of others.
The memory of Joplin will never leave Dorinda. Once again, she saw that, even though tornadoes fling cars into trees and tear buildings from their foundation, their destructive force can never defeat the simple and overwhelming power of a gentle touch and the listening ear of someone committed to help.
By Mark Maginn
Ten years ago, a ferocious EF-5 tornado with maximum winds between 216 and 318 mph blasted throughout densely populated Joplin, Missouri. Those winds that killed 162 people were the beginning of a profound personal journey for Red Cross Liaison JoAnn Woody.
Arriving in Joplin the night after the storm, JoAnn first searched for the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) where she would spend most of her time in that devastated city. Entering town, she and a friend from the Salvation Army ran into a traffic jam that crawled along. The first chilling scene she encountered was National Guardsmen at each intersection directing drivers because all traffic lights were out. Guardsmen were also preventing cars from entering the most scarred neighborhoods of Joplin.
As they followed the line of traffic, JoAnn was staggered by the scenes of devastation in the wake of the feral winds that had savaged Joplin. One side of the street would be largely intact, but the other side could be an entirely different world, ravaged and razed to the ground.
Rattled by the sight of houses made of stone that failed to withstand the ravenous winds, JoAnn imagined terrorized families huddling together while the roaring train of ferocity convulsed their world. Did any of them survive? Had they been crushed or swept away? How did they manage the panic, the nearness of death, the dread? In all her deployments, JoAnn had never witnessed first-hand the savagery of mother nature’s violence, and it left her feeling frightened and exhausted.
At the EOC, her job was to liaise with government agencies and other private agencies. While serving at that post she encountered the story that affected her most while deployed to Joplin.
JoAnn learned that a woman from the State Department in Washington, D.C., wanted to speak with her. There were undoubtedly foreign citizens staying in Joplin, so it would be routine for her to speak with an agent.
The agent wanted a favor from JoAnn and the Red Cross. A family had been able to reconnect, except for a son they couldn’t locate. The agent was asking JoAnn to help find the young man. Such an effort wasn’t part of her job, but out of simple kindness she immediately agreed to help.
She began making phone calls to dig up some helpful information, all the time realizing that finding him might bring tragic news. Soon she was able to provide the agent a list of hospitals the family had not yet contacted.
Later, the agent reported back that the young man’s body had been found at one of the hospitals on the list. Joann knew nothing about the family, but she was filled with gratitude that her efforts had allowed them to say goodbye to their son. A small favor for an agent she didn’t know had led to a healing response for a family she would never meet.
A core mission of the American Red Cross mission is to alleviate human suffering. During the Joplin tornado disaster response operation, JoAnn Woody fulfilled that mission, even when that kindness wasn’t part of her official duties.
By Carl Manning
When the American Red Cross and Missouri Southern State University in Joplin, Missouri signed an agreement on April 28, 2011 to provide space for shelters in a disaster, it was seen as something that might be needed someday.
That someday came the evening of May 22 when an EF5 tornado tore through the city leaving a path of destruction six miles long and a mile wide.
Hundreds of homes were damaged or destroyed, and scores of people were killed and injured. In the aftermath, survivors wandered in the streets, stepping over and around rubble as they absorbed the devastation they were witnessing.
Because of the agreement, the Red Cross and the University were able to have a shelter up and running within a short time after the storm struck to provide a place of safety and comfort to survivors.
Chris Harmon, then director of emergency services at the Southern Missouri Chapter in Springfield, said the agreement he signed with Missouri Southern President Bruce Speck made all the difference in the Red Cross response.
“All the expectations were lined out ahead of time. Having agreements in place like this help us to take care of client even quicker because everyone knows their roles,” said Chris, now the Missouri-Arkansas regional disaster officer.
As rescue work got underway in the affected areas, Red Cross volunteers quickly arrived with trailers filled with shelter supplies at the University to begin their work.
“The faculty and staff knew about the agreement and arrived at the scene early to assist. Because of the agreement, the Red Cross staff, Joplin Health Department staff and Joplin Humane Society staff arrived immediately to establish necessary support services for those impacted by the tornado,” recalled Darren Fullerton, then Missouri Southern vice president of student affairs.
The University also opened its campus to other organizations to give them a place to work and help out with relief efforts.
The Red Cross had cots and blankets to provide a comfortable place to rest, sleep and clean up. Hot meals and snacks were served and medical assistance was available, along with counselors to help people process what they had been through.
The sheltering operation continued at the University until June 1 with Red Crossers working with those staying there to ensure they would have a place to stay once the shelter closed.
During that time, over 3,400 overnight shelter stays were recorded and the Red Cross served more than 85,000 meals to those sheltering and out in the field. Additionally nearly 200,000 relief items such as gloves, tarps, shovels and rakes were handed out and the Red Cross opened more than 1,500 cases for assistance.
There were lessons learned about sheltering after the Joplin tornado. For instance, up to then, only service animals were allowed in shelters which meant the family pets had no place to stay.
Because so many people had lost their homes, those impacted had no place for their pets to stay. The University agreed to have a separate shelter set up for pets away from where people were staying.
In the years that followed, the Red Cross has worked with partner agencies like humane societies to set up separate pet shelters near the shelter for people.
By Kim Mailes
Observing the skies from her backyard on an early Sunday evening in May of 2011, Nigel Holderby noticed ominous clouds and an unusual double rainbow in the distance. She didn’t know it at the time, but a tornado was devastating Joplin, Missouri, an hour’s drive from her Springfield home.
Neither did she know this event would change her life forever.
After becoming an American Red Cross volunteer in 2007, Nigel was soon deeply engaged, taking shifts at the front desk at the local office, enrolling in disaster operations training courses, and supervising social media accounts. That’s how she first heard about the devastation in Joplin.
While still observing those threatening skies that evening, she received a call from her supervisor. “We are opening a shelter in Joplin, can you tweet the address?” She immediately logged into the Red Cross twitter account and shared the shelter location, and continued tweeting updates throughout the evening.
But even as she kicked communications efforts into high gear, she remained unaware of the full extent of the disaster. A native Midwesterner accustomed to tornadoes, she thought it was probably just another spring storm. But she soon learned that the EF5 tornado had obliterated several square miles of the small city and claimed over 160 lives.
She continued sharing updates from her home over the next few days, and then received a call from National Red Cross Headquarters to deploy to the site. “It was my first disaster deployment and it literally changed the course of my life.”
She reported to the public affairs desk and quickly grasped that she was part of a truly national organization.
“The people who were there to support my neighbors had come from all over America. Red Crossers from the west coast to the east coast converged in the center of the country to help alleviate suffering. It was really inspiring to be part of that.”
She began learning the ropes from some of the best communicators in the country and was at the public affairs desk doing the work when she discovered her passion.
On day three, she was sitting at the table with Amy and Lu, two of the Advanced Public Affairs Team members, working on a media update and talking about life, loss, and all the disaster responses they had been part of with the Red Cross.
At that moment Nigel knew she had found her calling. “I said to them, ‘I want to do this work as my everyday job. This is my purpose.’”
In October of 2011 she was hired for the newly-formed position of Chief Communications Officer for the Southern Missouri Region. She returned to college and earned a Master’s Degree in communication with a focus on media and non-profit organizations, and she currently serves as the national Red Cross Director of Disaster Public Affairs. Today, she is the one who makes calls like the one she got in 2011, deploying volunteers to support communities across the country after disaster strikes.
“Joplin, and the fellow volunteers I met there, will forever hold a very important place in my heart,” she says. “I can’t tell my Red Cross story without Joplin, and I would not be the human I am today without the influence of those Red Crossers. It was a pivotal moment in my life. I found my life’s work and purpose in the midst of devastation.”
By Shoba Brown
Twenty-two hours after an EF-5 tornado wreaked havoc on the city of Joplin, Missouri, American Red Cross volunteer Peggy Gaines found herself in the midst of destruction like she’d never seen before.
“There was security everywhere, trees were decimated, blocks upon blocks of neighborhoods were gone, buildings were reduced to rubble and there were no street signs. It was truly what I assumed a war zone looked like,” she said. “I was shocked at what I saw.”
Peggy Gaines and her partner volunteer drove an Emergency Response Vehicle from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Joplin and began offering food, snacks and water to people looking for parts of their homes, but finding nothing but empty slabs.
“I could see there was going to be a loss of life. When I saw the hospital was destroyed—and I mean literally half of it was just blown away—I thought, how strong was this tornado?”
The first stories Peggy remembers hearing were about missing people. Search and rescue teams scoured the hospital and some of the major retail stores and marked them with an X inside a circle to show the facility had been searched. “I had never seen that done before, so it was pretty big to me.”
So how did the experience in Joplin affect Peggy?
“It compounds my compassion button,” she explains. “People are in need, and as long as you can give, that is what you should do … a little time on my part means a lot to them.”
Peggy feels that the best way to handle the stress of a relief operation is to lean on your fellow volunteers.
“Talk through things you saw, and felt, and did. When you are not your best, your partner usually is. Your partner can make or break you, that’s for sure.”
Looking back, she sees the Joplin relief operation as a turning point in her life, confirmation of what she was meant to do.
“It all goes back to my Dad, who was a veteran of the Korean War. He just always talked about the Red Cross. As a kid, you don’t really hear those things until later, and then you start putting it together. Joplin was a solidification of what I should be doing. I had no idea I would get this involved with the Red Cross!”
“I don’t think people realize how tough it can be out there,” she says.
“Emotionally, it was one of the hardest experiences I have had. It was one of those experiences you are never going to forget, but you are glad you were there to help.”
By Yasmeen Saadi
It was June 7, 2011, Red Cross volunteer Sherri Odell’s last day in Joplin, Missouri after the massive tornado caused so much death and damage. In her blog, she wrote:
“I'm heading home tomorrow. I'm bruised...sunburnt...exhausted...and hot. Although I'm happy to be heading home to see my family and my pets, part of me will be left behind in the streets of Joplin, worrying about "my people" and hoping they're doing okay.”
For Sherri, each person she encountered in Joplin was one of “her people.” Coming from Missouri herself, the proximity of the May 22 tornado was especially impactful because, she said, it could have been her.
“I felt like these people were really truly my neighbors,” Sherri said. “Just by the grace of a few hundred miles, that could have been my own community, my own neighborhood, that was affected.”
A few days after the tornado hit, Sherri drove to Joplin and stayed there for three weeks. She worked at an emergency aid station, fed volunteers at headquarters and talked to the people in the community.
Despite responding to numerous hurricanes, wildfires and floods previously, no amount of training could have prepared Sherri for the destruction she saw firsthand in Joplin.
“You would be driving down the street and you would see an object, and your brain couldn't recognize it,” Sherri said. “So you would go into this confusion, and then it would take you a few seconds to realize that you're seeing an automobile. But it was so messed up beyond recognition and so wrecked. It was very surreal.”
After working at headquarters to assist other volunteers, Sherri spent her last week driving around the community, passing around food and water to the people, holding their hands, hugging them and listening to their stories.
She was inspired by the humility and resilience around her as she witnessed the community move from shock to acceptance to action.
“What it taught me was how resilient people can be in the face of a disaster,” Sherri said. “Sometimes we see things on TV or in person at a disaster, and we think to ourselves, ‘Oh my gosh, how can these people go on? They've lost everything.’ And then you actually start talking to people and you realize, along with them, that that was just stuff. They lost stuff, but they didn't lose their lives; they didn't lose their hope; they didn't lose their resiliency. And that's what keeps them going.”
A decade later, Sherri still remembers much of her time in Joplin and what she saw, felt and experienced will never be forgotten.
“What I saw in Joplin was a country coming together, putting aside whatever differences they might have had,” Sherri said. “It was the most rewarding experience that I had been in. Because you think you're going down there to help, but you come out of it changed and you come out of it transformed in a better way.”
By Susan Gallagher
As the native Californian watched the skies darken on a sunny Sunday in May, she heard something sounding like a freight train with a loud grinding noise and was totally confused.
Wildfires, earthquakes, mudslides Teri Layton knew. But what was this? Her Oklahoma-born husband realized what was coming and told her to grab the dogs and get into the bathtub. They were about to experience the 7th deadliest tornado in American history, with over 160 fatalities and more than 1,000 injuries. It was an event that changed her life.
“We were spared major damage to our property, but the company I worked for was wiped out,” she remembers. “So, I went down to the university where the city asked volunteers to gather, and what I saw there simply shocked me.” More than 80,000 volunteers had arrived to help a city of just 50,000.
“I was stunned that so many people would come all the way to Joplin to help people they did not know. The entire experience renewed my faith in humanity.”
Most of the volunteers chose to work directly with disaster victims, but Teri volunteered to do data entry. She and a few others were handed huge stacks of forms each day and entered information about each volunteer into a database to help the city organize its response. While stationed at emergency headquarters she encountered many dedicated volunteers from the American Red Cross.
“I knew the Red Cross collected blood from donors, but I had no idea they responded to disasters all over the nation—in Joplin they were everywhere.”
A veteran business owner and administrator, Teri was so touched by what she experienced in the aftermath of the 2011 tornado that she took a position with the Red Cross as a Case Manager for tornado survivors. When that position ended a year later, she accepted an AmeriCorps position to assist with disaster management for the Red Cross.
In 2015 Teri moved to Kansas City where she serves as a Red Cross Disaster Program Specialist. She has served in leadership positions at nearly a dozen disaster responses across the United States. She also serves as the liaison responsible for disaster response for ten counties in the Kansas City area, regularly responding to floods, fires and other disasters at all times of the day and night.
“It’s easy to get caught up in all the pessimism in this country, but the Joplin tornado showed me the power of compassion, and to me, that’s what the Red Cross is all about,” she said. “At the Red Cross, no one cares about the race, ethnicity or socioeconomic status of families and individuals who need help. We offer funding to help them in the early stages, and help connect them to resources so they can recover.”
“But most of all, we offer compassion, caring, and a willingness to listen, even in the worst conditions at the times when people need us most.”
By Jim Gallagher
It was the sirens that got her attention, though all was calm in her part of town.
American Red Cross volunteer Pam Protzman and her husband, Dirk, woke to an emergency signal bleeping from their television. A veteran fire fighter, Dirk turned on a scanner and heard the call for all firemen to report to duty. He left for duty, and Pam headed for Jefferson City to the Red Cross Central and Northern Missouri Chapter headquarters.
That night, May 21, 2019, she learned an EF-3 tornado had hit Jefferson City. This “wedge” tornado — wider in its funnel than it was tall — moved at 40 miles an hour, shooting debris 13,000 feet into the air. It ripped the roofs off several businesses, blew out windows, and damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes. In the next few days, the Red Cross provided more than 1,000 overnight shelter stays, over nine thousand meals and hundreds of personal care kits and other emergency supplies.
That night, Pam joined a group of three other dedicated volunteers to begin the work of providing shelter, offering resources and assessing damages. The retired nurse of many years, mother of three and grandmother of three quickly enlisted her son to tow a Red Cross trailer filled with shelter supplies to the Thomas Jefferson Middle School shelter site. Then she swung into action finding out what resources were available for survivors.
Pam was soon called to the city’s Emergency Operation Center, where she served survivors for 36 hours straight in the first days of disaster.
“We believe that the Red Cross must deliver the help survivors need when they are at the lowest point of their lives,” said this veteran of 16 years as a Red Cross volunteer. “That is what the Red Cross is all about.”
Aiding others has been Pam’s guiding force almost all of her adult life. She started working at a nursing home at age 16 and then, after completing nursing school, served for 15 years in nursing homes. Later she worked for more than 14 years in the office of a family physician and then launched her own business providing private care in homes.
At the Red Cross, Pam has volunteered in disaster response services, helping dozens of fire victims. She has installed smoke alarms, offered safety education to children and taught first aid classes, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Pam has also been a Red Cross ambassador, meeting with officials and organizations in many of the 27 central Missouri counties her chapter covers.
She comes from generations of committed community leaders who lived in the northern Missouri town of Greentop, population 351 and 40 minutes from the Iowa state line. Pam and her family moved to Jefferson City in the 1980s for work, and since then, between her long nursing career and her volunteer work, she rarely goes anywhere without being recognized.
“I was shopping the other day when a young woman called out to me telling me she was homeless again,” Pam recalled. “The tornado had destroyed her house, so she moved to an apartment where a fire broke out. Now she needs a place to live. In the middle of Walmart, I counseled her on what to do to find another place to live.”
Springfield, MO - Within hours after a historic, mile-wide tornado hit Joplin, MO, the American Red Cross arrived to provide protection and comfort to thousands whose homes were damaged and destroyed.
That May 22, 2011, storm killed 162 people, caused more than 1,000 injuries, damaged more than 4,000 homes and displaced 9,200. The Red Cross brought in nearly 900 trained disaster response volunteers from all over the nation to provide food and shelter, comfort kits, tarpaulins, coolers, tools for cleaning up and the services of Red Cross Disaster Mental Health and Disaster Spiritual Care teams.
Just before the disaster, the Red Cross had signed a memorandum of understanding with Missouri Southern State University in Joplin, establishing MSSU as a shelter partner in case of a major emergency. When the tornado hit, MSSU served an essential role in providing shelter and food to displaced residents.
A Joplin recreation facility for teens known as The Bridge served as a center for multiple agencies to coordinate services. A Red Cross Multi-Agency Resource Center (MARC), it served as an efficient way to deliver services to individuals and families affected by a disaster by bringing together multiple service providers in a single location.
Red Cross volunteer Debi Meeds, of Springfield, MO, helped develop the very first "official" MARC Planning Resource Guide. She knew the model well.
“Instead of bringing people to services, we bring services to the people,” Meeds recalled. “In Joplin, we had 48 different agencies and organizations at one location.
“Kids had been traumatized by the tornado,” she added. “Day care centers were destroyed, so parents seeking help brought their children. In the MARC we had a children’s area set aside and staffed by a volunteer organization with certified childcare trauma specialists. Children would come to the MARC clinging to their parents and hollow-eyed, unable to articulate the terror they felt. But eventually we would hear laughter and happy shouts. It was one of the most gratifying things—knowing we were helping these little ones forget their trauma for a while and get them on the road to recovery.”
Life changing is the way another Springfield resident describes her Joplin experience. “Joplin was my first disaster deployment as a Red Cross volunteer,” said Nigel Holderby. “The experience literally changed the course of my life.” On her third day at the Joplin Red Cross site, she was working on a media update and knew she had found her calling. Holderby returned to college and earned a master’s degree in communication. Now she serves as the national Red Cross Director of Disaster Public Affairs based in Springfield.
“Joplin, and the fellow volunteers I met there, will forever hold a very important place in my heart,” she said. “I can’t tell my Red Cross story without Joplin, and I would not be the person I am today without the influence of those Red Crossers. It was a pivotal moment in my life. I found my life’s work and purpose in the midst of devastation.”
Devastating is what Lebanon, MO, resident David Sewell called the scene when he and his Disaster Services technology team entered Joplin. They worked not only to provide technology to the community but to educate first responders on using technology to improve the efficiency of the rescue mission.
Sewell, who now heads up Technology Services, recalled that the team supplied satellite internet, cell phones, printers, fax machines, satellite phones and the expertise to deploy these vital tools. He looks back on his experience in Joplin, saying “it was an incredible privilege to have been a part of the Red Cross team of staff and volunteers who opened their hearts to the residents of Joplin in their darkest days. I am proud of the resilience of Joplin and the part we played in the city’s recovery.”
Living an hour from Joplin in Republic, MO., Jenny Solomon worked for a national cell phone carrier in 2011, when shoppers began coming to her store for replacement phones. “They came in with broken arms and bandages,” she recalled. “They kept telling me their survival stories.”
Solomon decided to become a Red Cross volunteer to respond to the needs of tornado survivors. She is now a Red Cross Disaster Case Manager in Springfield. During her time in Joplin, one story stayed with her—a single mom and her family lost the roof of their Joplin home and then fell behind in their mortgage payments. The Red Cross replaced the roof, and thanks to Solomon, other agencies helped the woman stay in her house.
“Helping survivors through difficult times is our job, but their lives are changed by what we do. If you have a heart for giving back to people at turning points in their lives, volunteer with the Red Cross.”
Summary of Red Cross support to Joplin following tornado May 22, 2011 tornado:
ST. LOUIS, MO – Within hours after a historic, mile-wide tornado hit Joplin, MO, the American Red Cross arrived to provide protection and comfort to thousands whose homes were damaged and destroyed.
That May 22, 2011, storm killed 162 people, caused more than 1,000 injuries, damaged more than 4,000 homes and displaced 9,200. The Red Cross brought in 800 trained disaster response volunteers from all over the nation to provide food and shelter, comfort kits, tarpaulins, coolers, tools for cleaning up and the services of Red Cross Disaster Mental Health and Disaster Spiritual Care teams.
Just before the disaster, the Red Cross had signed a memorandum of understanding with Missouri Southern State University in Joplin, establishing MSSU as a shelter partner in case of a major emergency. When the tornado hit, MSSU served an essential role in offering shelter and food to displaced residents.
“We had no cellphone service, so we were communicating through ham radio channels,” recalled Chris Harmon, Regional Disaster Officer for American Red Cross, Missouri and Arkansas Region. “My first job was to get volunteers to MSSU to open the shelter, then find a rallying point for what would be 100’s of Red Cross volunteers coming in from places as far away as Hawaii. Eventually we had a headquarters set up to start the coordinated response.
During the aftermath of the Joplin disaster, Harmon, then Red Cross Director of Emergency Services for southwestern Missouri, moved back and forth between his base in Springfield, MO, where he had to deploy volunteers to multiple other storms, and Joplin. The Joplin tornado was one of many natural disasters that year.
“At the time, my wife also worked in Springfield, and I had to figure out childcare since I was at the office all day and into the night,” Harmon recalled. “So, I brought my then 1-year-old and 4-year-old to work. Quickly one of our volunteers took on childcare duties in the ‘can-do’ spirit of the Red Cross.”
During the few hours when he slept the first couple nights, Harmon recalled waking up worried about Joplin residents who were Red Cross volunteers and who had not been accounted for--- they were found alive. He was thankful his Red Cross team was accounted for, but also thought about all the many others who did not manage to survive.
Now working in St. Louis and a resident of Imperial, MO, Harmon said his first deployment was in New York City in the aftermath of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Towers. He was a Red Cross Case Worker who interviewed shoe shiners and gave them emergency funds. That experience impacted him to this day. Since then, he’s served leadership roles at roughly 70 disasters – from floods, to wildfires, tornados, hurricanes and manmade catastrophes like 9-11. Joplin stands out for him as a site of some of the greatest devastation he has ever seen.
“When we first went down there, we were in awe. Weeks after, I remember standing next to now national American Red Cross CEO and President Gail McGovern who had come down to Joplin. Her jaw dropped at the scene. I remember her thanking me for making sure we took care of everyone impacted by this disaster.”
The citizens noticed the attention senior leadership was paying to Joplin and the resources Red Cross poured into the community. “Usually at least 68 percent of disaster respondents rank Red Cross performance as ‘excellent,’” Harmon said. “But Joplin respondents gave us a 96 percent ‘excellent’ rating.”
Red Cross Regional Volunteer Services Officer Kobi Gillespie also led teams of Red Cross staff in Joplin—but she was there a year later. “While much of the rubble has been cleared, and new houses and stores had sprouted up, many scars remained, not all of them visible. The path of the tornado was still very apparent because all the trees had been wiped out, and only new houses stood in that area. Even a year later, for many survivors the memory of May 22 was still raw and painful.”
During her two-year stint in Joplin, Gillespie directed a team of several long-term case workers who advocated for survivors, finding resources for them and helping them navigate through the thicket of programs offered by multiple agencies.
In that period, Gillespie also served as Regional Preparedness and Recovery Officer, working with multiple agencies to coordinate recovery efforts and supporting Red Cross volunteers who came to Joplin to help.
Gillespie began her Red Cross career as Executive Director of the Southwest Missouri Chapter based in Joplin. The native of Lubbock, Texas, had lived in Miami and Los Angeles before moving to Joplin. After earning her bachelor’s degree, Gillespie decided to apply for a CPR instructor job at the Red Cross.
“I went in for an interview, and they hired me to become the Executive Director instead,” she said, laughing.
In 2004, Gillespie moved to St. Louis to serve as the liaison between the national Red Cross organization and chapters in Missouri, Illinois and Iowa. The resident of St. Charles County has worked for the Red Cross in various support roles since then, with the exception of four years, when she held training and community relations positions in other organizations. During that time, Gillespie also earned a master’s degree in applied communications with a graduate certificate in conflict and dispute resolution.
“I keep coming back to the Red Cross,” said Gillespie. “I just love working for an organization that is so dedicated to helping others.”
She added that in her many years with the Red Cross she has seen what a difference the organization can make in the recovery of so many communities. “Every community works hard to come back from a traumatic event. But the people of Joplin were remarkable in their spirit of perseverance and resilience. They were determined to rebuild and restore their community. I was grateful to play a small role in helping them do that.”
Summary of Red Cross support to Joplin following tornado May 22, 2011 tornado:
Kansas City, MO - Within hours after a historic, mile-wide tornado hit Joplin, MO, the American Red Cross arrived to provide protection and comfort to thousands whose homes were damaged and destroyed.
That May 22, 2011, storm killed 162 people, caused more than 1,000 injuries, damaged more than 4,000 homes and displaced 9,200 people. The Red Cross brought in nearly 900 trained disaster response volunteers from all over the nation to provide food and shelter, comfort kits, tarpaulins, coolers, tools for cleaning up and the services of Red Cross Disaster Mental Health and Disaster Spiritual Care teams.
Just before the disaster, the Red Cross had signed a memorandum of understanding with Missouri Southern State University in Joplin, establishing MSSU as a shelter partner in case of a major emergency. When the tornado hit, MSSU served an essential role in providing shelter and food to displaced residents.
It was to the emergency operations center near MSSU that JoAnn Woody reported when she came to Joplin soon after the tornado. Woody has spent two decades bringing government and non-profit partners together to respond to disasters. As a Red Cross volunteer for 19 years and a staff member since 2013, the resident of Liberty, MO, is a master at efficiently getting resources and people where they are needed most. Now Red Cross External Relations Program Manager in Kansas City, this leader in state and national disaster volunteer organizations has been deployed to more than 25 major events from hurricanes, to floods to wildfires. Still, the Joplin tornado stands out as one of the most devastating she has ever witnessed.
After working for 24 straight hours in Joplin’s emergency operations center, Woody drove through the city to get to a hotel. Stuck in a parade of cars being directed by the National Guard, she got a good look at what Joplin suffered. “I was absolutely shocked by the total destruction,” she recalled. “The violence that hit the area was so extreme I thought it was a miracle only 162 people died. I kept thinking of the families who had to endure this and that no one should have to live through that. I also realized more than ever that this is why the Red Cross is on the ground. I still have friends who were responders there, and it’s a little like being in a foxhole together, we are forever bonded by that experience. It forged lifelong connections. It also brought home that through famine, disasters and conflicts, the Red Cross helps people regardless of politics, race, ethnicity or status. Volunteering, and now working, for the Red Cross feeds my soul.”
A resident of Joplin when the tornado struck, Teri Layton went to MSSU to sign up to help after the office where she worked had been destroyed. “What I saw there simply shocked me.” More than 80,000 volunteers came to help a city of just 50,000.
“I was simply stunned that so many people would come all the way to Joplin to help people they did not know,” she said. “The entire experience renewed my faith in humanity.”
Stationed at MSSU doing data entry, Layton also encountered many dedicated volunteers from the American Red Cross. The veteran business owner and administrator was so touched by what she saw she took a position with the Red Cross as a Case Manager for tornado survivors and later as an AmeriCorps employee working for Red Cross disaster management. Since 2015, Teri has lived in the Waldo neighborhood, on the south side of Kansas City where she serves as a Red Cross Disaster Program Specialist. She has also deployed to more than a dozen disasters across the United States for the Red Cross.
Another skilled professional who has served as a Red Cross volunteer at multiple disasters is Carl Manning. After retiring in 2009 from a 34-year career filing news articles from multiple states and overseas for the Associated Press, Manning began doing disaster assessments and communications for the Red Cross. Based in Kansas City, Manning writes news releases, responds to media questions, takes photos and shoots videotape when deployed for the Red Cross. He has volunteered at more than 30 disasters from hurricanes to wild fires, floods, and countless tornados. Manning ranks the Joplin tornado as one of the most shocking in terms of the damage. He was on the ground the day after the tornado struck with a team of damage assessment volunteers who found nothing but driveways and steps left of most of the house.
“We did not know what the address of each house was because nothing was left, so we started counting driveways from intersections and our GPS unit showed us the street names,” he recalled. Often the team would encounter survivors and offer water and snacks.
“One woman came up to us and said her husband had a leg injury,” Manning said. “We saw the leg and radioed back to the emergency operations center to get an ambulance. The paramedics came quickly. We also listened to survivors who wanted to tell their stories. Every day was really heart-wrenching. One day we encountered a woman just sitting in her front yard. When we approached her, she was pretty unresponsive, so we began to try to engage her in conversation. She said her mother had died, her dog was dead, her home was gone. She said she did not see much sense in living any longer. We had met a Red Cross volunteer who was providing mental health support so we reached him and then casually introduced him to the woman. Later, I ran into him and asked about the woman. He could not tell us much other than that she was okay, but he did add this: ‘You probably saved her life that day.’”
Manning said the Joplin experience reinforced for him how critical the Red Cross is for people who are facing the worst days of their lives. “We’re here to listen and to help. People depend on the Red Cross for that – and so much more.”
Summary of Red Cross support to Joplin following tornado May 22, 2011 tornado: